| Acronym | Meaning |
| MSOCC | Multisatellite Operations Control Center |
| MSS | Multispectral Scanner |
| MSU | Microwave Sounding Unit |
| MTC | Man Tended Capability |
| MTFF | Columbus Man-Tended Free-Flyer |
| MTPE | Mission To Planet Earth |
| MVI | Microgravity Vestibular Investigation |
| NACA | National Advisory Committee On Aeronautics |
| NAS | Numerical Aerodynamic Simulation |
| NASA | National Aeronautics And Space Administration |
| NASDA | NAtional Space Development Agency |
| NASM | National Air And Space Museum |
| NASP | National AeroSpace Plane |
| NBS | National Bureau Of Standards |
| NDV | NASP Derived Vehicle |
| NERVA | Nuclear Engine For Rocket Vehicle Application |
| NESDIS | National Environmental Satellite Data And Information Service. |
| NGC | New General Catalog |
| NGT | NASA Ground Terminal |
| NICMOS | Near Infrared Camera/Multi Object Spectrometer |
| NIMS | Near Infrared Mapping Spectrometer |
| NIR | Near InfraRed |
| NIST | National Institute For Standards And Technology |
| NLDP | National Launch Development Program |
| NOAA | National Oceanic And Atmospheric Administration |
| NOAO | National Optical Astronomy Observatories |
| NOCC | Network Operations Control Center |
| NORAD | NORth American Aerospace Defense |
| NPO | Scientific Production Organization |
| NPO-PM | NPO Prikladnoi Mekhaniki |
| NPOE | NPO Energiya |
| NRAO | National Radio Astronomy Observatory |
| NRL | Naval Research Laboratory |
| NRO | National Reconnaissance Office |
| NRSC | National Remote Sensing Centre |
| NRSC | National Remote Sensing Centre |
| NS | Neutron Star |
| NSA | National Security Agency |
| NSF | National Science Foundation |
| NSI | NASA Science Internet / NASA Standard Initiator / National Environmental Satellite Data And Information Service |
| NSO | National Solar Observatory |
| NSSDC | National Space Science Data Center |
| NTR | Nuclear Thermal Rocket(ry) |
| NTT | New Technology Telescope |
| OAO | Orbiting Astronomical Observatory |
| OARE | Orbital Acceleration Research Experiment |
| OCGF | Organic Crystal Growth Facility |
| OCST | Office Of Commercial Space Transportation |
| OCTS | Ocean Color And Temperature Scanner |
| OCTW | Optical Communications Through The Shuttle Window |