| Acronym | Meaning |
 | TPS | Thermal Protection System |
| TRMM | Tropical Rainfall Measuring Mission |
| TSM | Tail Service Mast |
| TSPK | Tsentr Podgotovka Kosmonavti |
| TSS | Targeted Search System / Tethered Satellite System |
| TSTO | Two Stage To Orbit |
| TSUP | Tsentr Upravileniya Polyoti |
| TTC | Telemetry |
| TWTA | Travelling Wave Tube Amplifier |
| U3P | Union Pour La Promotion De La Propulsion Photonique |
| UARS | Upper Atmosphere Research Satellite |
| UBM | Unpressurized Berthing Mechanism |
| UDMH | Unsymmetrical DiMethyl Hydrazine |
| UFO | Unidentified Flying Object |
| UGC | Uppsala General Catalog |
| UHF | Ultra High Frequency |
| UIT | Ultraviolet Imaging Telescope |
| UKST | United Kingdom Schmidt Telescope |
| UOSAT | University Of Surrey Satellite |
| UPPP | Union Pour La Promotion De La Propulsion Photonique |
| USA/RC | Universities Space Automation/Robotics Consortium |
| USAF | United States Air Force |
| USMC | United States Marine Corps |
| USML | United States Microgravity Laboratory |
| USMP | United States Microgravity Payload |
| USN | United States Navy |
| USO | Ultra-Stable Oscillator |
| UT | Universal Time |
| UTC | Coordinated Universal Time |
| UV | Ultraviolet |
| UVPI | Ultraviolet Plume Instrument |
| UVS | Ultraviolet Spectrometer |
| VAB | Vehicle Assembly Building |
| VAFB | Vandenberg Air Force Base |
| VAS | VISSR Atmospheric Sounder |
| VECO | Vernier Engine Cutoff |
| VEEGA | Venus-Earth-Earth Gravity Assist |
| VFT | Visual Function Tester |
| VHF | Very High Frequency |
| VIB | Vertical Integration Building |
| VICAR | Graphics Format Used By JPL |
| VISSR | Visible/Infrared Spin-Scan Radiometer |
| VLA | Very Large Array |
| VLBA | Very Long Baseline Array |
| VLBI | Very Long Baseline Interferometry |
| VLF | Very Low Frequency |
| VLT | Very Large Telescope |
| VMF | Voenno-Morskoy Flot |
| VMS | Vertical Motion Simulator |
| VOIR | Venus Orbiting Imaging Radar |
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