| Acronym | Meaning |
 | APM | Atmospheric Particle Monitor |
| APT | Automatic Picture Transmission |
| APT | Automatic Photoelectric Telescope |
| APU | Auxiliary Power Unit |
| ARC | Ames Research Center (NASA) |
| ARC | Astrophysical Research Consortium |
| ARISTOTELES | Applications And Research Involving Space Technologies Observing The Earth's Field From Low Earth Orbiting Satellite |
| ARRL | American Radio Relay League |
| ARTEMIS | Advanced Relay TEchnology MISsion |
| ASA | Astronomical Society Of The Atlantic |
| ASCO | Arab Satellite Communications Organization |
| ASE | Advanced Space Engine |
| ASEM | Assembly Of Station By EVA Methods |
| ASI | Agenzia Spaziale Italiano |
| ASP | Astronomical Society Of The Pacific |
| ASRM | Advanced Solid Rocket Motor |
| ASS | Antenna Support Structure |
| ASTER | Advanced Spaceborne Thermal Emission And Reflection |
| ASTRO | Space Astrophysics Laboratory |
| ATAL | Alternate Transoceanic Abort Landing |
| ATCS | Active Thermal Control System |
| ATDRS | Advanced Tracking And Data Relay Satellite |
| ATLAS | Atmospheric Laboratory For Applications And Science |
| ATM | Amateur Telescope Maker |
| ATM | Apollo Telescope Mount (on Skylab) |
| ATMOS | Atmospheric Trace Molecule Spectroscopy |
| ATO | Abort To Orbit |
| ATSR | Along Track Scanning Radiometer |
| AU | Astronomical Unit |
| AURA | Association Of Universities For Research In Astronomy |
| AVHRR | Advanced Very High Resolution Radiometer |
| AW&ST | Aviation Week And Space Technology |
| AXAF | Advanced X-ray Astrophysics Facility |
| BAE | British Aerospace |
| BATSE | Burst And Transient Source Experiment |
| BBXRT | Broad-Band X-Ray Telescope |
| BC | Bolometric Correction |
| BD | Bonner Durchmusterung (catalog) |
| BDB | Big Dumb Booster |
| BECO | Booster Engine Cutoff |
| BEM | Bug-Eyed Monster |
| BFC | Backup Flight Computer |
| BFCS | Backup Flight Control System |
| BFS | Backup Flight System |
| BH | Black Hole |
| BIMA | Berkeley Illinois Maryland Array |
| BIMDA | Bioserve-Instrumentation Technology Associate Materials Dispersion Analysis |
| BMDO | Ballistic Missile Defense Office |
| BMFT | Bundesministerium Fuer Forschung Und Technologie |
| BNSC | British National Space Centre |
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