| Acronym | Meaning |
| AQCA | Air Quality Control Act |
| AQCR | Air Quality Control Region |
| AQCR | Air Quality Control Regulation |
| AQD | Atmospheric Quality Division |
| AQD | Air Quality Digest |
| AQM | Atmospheric Quality And Modification |
| AQMA | Air Quality Maintenance Area |
| AQSM | Air Quality Simulation Model |
| AR | Administrative Requirement |
| ARA | Appletalk Remote Access |
| ARAC | Atmospheric Release Advisory Capability |
| ARAR | Applicable Or Relevant And Appropriate |
| ARBI | Adjusted Running Book Inventory |
| ARC | Ames Research Center |
| ARC | Antarctic Research Center |
| ARC | Applied Research Corporation |
| ARC | Accelerating Rate Calorimetry |
| ARCAS | All-purpose Rocket For The Collection Of Atmospheric Soundings |
| ARCC | American Rivers Conservation Council |
| ARCNET | Attached Resource Computer Network |
| ARCSS | Arctic Systems Science |
| ARCSYM | Arctic Regional Climate Simulation |
| ARD | Air & Radiation Division |
| ARDEC | Army Armament Research And Development Engineering Center |
| AREA | File Format Used For Graphic Images By The McIDAS Application |
| AREAL | Atmospheric Research And Exposure Assessment Lab |
| ARES | Advanced Reentry System |
| ARF | Aviation Route Forecast |
| ARG | Appointments Review Group |
| ARG | American Resources Group |
| ARG | Accident Response Group |
| ARGOS | Data Collection And Location System |
| ARGOS | French Satellite-borne Data Relay And Platform Location System |
| ARGUS | ARGonne Unified Safeguards |
| ARI | Alternate Rod Insertion |
| ARIES | Automated Retirement And Integrated Extraction System |
| ARIMP | Atmospheric Radiation Investigation And Measurements Project |
| ARIN | Aerospace Resource Information Network |
| ARINC | Aeronautical Radio |
| ARIS | Airborne Research Instrumentation System |
| ARISTOTELES | Applications And Research Involving Space Technologies Observing The Earth's Field From Low Earth Orbiting Satellite |
| ARL | Air Resources Laboratory |
| ARL | Army Research Laboratory |
| ARM | Atmospheric Radiation Measurement Program |
| ARM-CART | Atmospheric Radiation Measurement-Clouds And Radiation Testband |
| ARMAR | Airborne Rain Mapping Radar |
| ARO | Army Research Office |
| ARPA | Advanced Research Projects Agency |
| ARPA | Archaeological Resources Protection Act |
| ARPANET | Advanced Research Projects Agency Network |