| Acronym | Meaning |
| ARPS | Advanced Regional Prediction System |
| ARR | Association For Radiation Research |
| ARRL | Amateur Radio Relay League |
| ARS | American Rocket Society |
| ARSR | Air Route Surveillance Radar |
| ART | Aqueous Recycle Technologies |
| ARTCC | Air Route Traffic Control Center |
| ARW | Advanced Research Workshop |
| ARWG | Atmospheric Radiation Working Group |
| AS&E | American Science And Engineering |
| ASALM | Advanced Strategic Air Launched Missile |
| ASAP | Automated Shipboard Aerological Program |
| ASAP | As Soon As Possible |
| ASAP | Ariane Structure For Auxiliary Payloads |
| ASAP | Aerospace Safety Automation Program |
| ASAP | Aerospace Safety Advisory Panel |
| ASAP | Accelerated Situational Awareness Prototype |
| ASAS | Advanced Solid-State Array Sensor |
| ASASP | Active Scattering Aerosol Spectrometer |
| ASASP | Advanced Solid-State Array Sensor |
| ASC | Advanced Science Computer |
| ASC | ASTER Steering Committee |
| ASCE | American Society Of Civil Engineers |
| ASCENT | Atmospheric Sounding |
| ASCII | American Standard Code For Information Interchange |
| ASCOT | Atmospheric Studies In Complex Terrain |
| ASD | Aircraft Situation Display |
| ASDAR | Aircraft-to-Satellite Data Relay |
| ASE | Air Sea Experiment |
| ASE | Amplified Spontaneous Emission |
| ASEP | Accident Sequence Evaluation Program |
| ASER | Annual Site Environmental Report |
| ASF | Alaska SAR Facility |
| ASH CAN | Project Ash Can |
| ASHAA | Asbestos In Schools Hazard Abatement Act |
| ASHOE | Airborne Southern Hemisphere Ozone Experiment |
| ASHRAE | American Society Of Heating |
| ASI | Advanced Simulation Initiative |
| ASI | Agenzia Spaxiale Italiano |
| ASIC | Application Specific Integrated Circuit |
| ASIS | American Society For Industrial Security |
| ASIWPCA | Association Of State & Interstate Water Pollution Control Administrators |
| ASL | Atmospheric Science Laboratory |
| ASL | Above Sea Level |
| ASL | American Sign Language |
| ASLB | Atomic Safety Licensing Board |
| ASM | American Society For Metals |
| ASME | American Society Of Mechanical Engineers |
| ASNT | American Society For Nondestructive Testing |
| ASOS | Automated Surface Observing System |