| Acronym | Meaning |
| MRB | Materials Review Board |
| MRF | Medium-Range Forecast |
| MRF | Meteorological Rocket Facility |
| MRI | Meteorological Research |
| MRI | Meteorological Research Institute |
| MRI | Minority Research Initiation |
| MRI | Mesoscale Research Initiative |
| MRIR | Medium Resolution Infrared Radiometer |
| MRIS | Media Relations & Information Services |
| MRN | Meteorological Rocket Network |
| MRS | Mesoscale Research Section |
| MS | MASnet Code For The Mass Storage System |
| MS | The Company Microsoft |
| MSC | Manned Spaceflight Center |
| MSCP | Mass Store Control Processor |
| MSD | Mass Storage Device |
| MSDOS | Microsoft Disk Operating System |
| MSE | Mean Square Error |
| MSF | Magnetic Flux Structures |
| MSFC | Marshall Space Flight Center |
| MSFE | Mechanisms Of Soil Formation And Evolution |
| MSI | Measurements |
| MSI | Maximum Strategy |
| MSIS | Mass Spectrometer And Incoherent Scatter |
| MSISR | Millstone Hill Incoherent Scatter Radar |
| MSL | Mean Sea Level |
| MSLP | Mean Sea-level Pressure |
| MSOCC | Multisatellite Operations Control Center |
| MSP | Minneapolis |
| MSS | Multi-spectral Scanner |
| MSS | Mass Storage System |
| MST | Mesospheric/stratospheric/tropospheric |
| MSU | Microwave Sounding Unit |
| MSU | Mass Storage Unit |
| MT | Magnetic Tape |
| MTA | Message Transfer Agent |
| MTBF | Mean Time Between Failure |
| MTC | Main Trunk Circuit |
| MTEM | Magnetosphere-Thermosphere Explorer Mission |
| MTF | Mississippi Test Facility |
| MTI | Moving Target Indicator |
| MTL | Message Transfer Layer |
| MTM | Mechanical Test Model |
| MTTF | Mean Time To Failure |
| MTTR | Mean Time To Repair |
| MUG | McIDAS Users Group |
| MUSE | Monitor Of Ultraviolet Solar Energy |
| MVS | Multiple Virtual Storage |
| MVS/XA | Multiple Virtual Systems/Extended Architecture |
| MW | Microwave |