| Acronym | Meaning |
| OCG | Ocean Catalog Group |
| OCI | Ocean Color Imager |
| OCM | Ocean Circulation Model |
| OCME | Oceanographic Community Modeling Effort |
| OCR | Optical Character Reader |
| OCTA | Oxidizing Capacity Of The Troposphere Atmosphere |
| OCTS | Ocean Color And Temperature Scanner |
| OD | Outside Diameter |
| ODE | Ordinary Differential Equation |
| ODGA | Office Of Development And Government Affairs |
| ODP | Ocean Drilling Program |
| ODP | Ozone Depletion Potential |
| ODP | Onboard Data Processor |
| ODR | Onboard Data Router |
| ODW | Omega Dropwindsonde |
| OEA | Office Of External Affairs |
| OECD | Organization For Economic Cooperation And Development |
| OFAP | Observing Facilities Advisory Panel |
| OFCM | Office Of The Federal Coordinator For Meteorology |
| OFDA | Office Of Foreign Disaster Assistance |
| OFPS | Office Of Field Project Support |
| OFS | Office Of Field Project Support |
| OGA | Office Of Government Affairs |
| OGCM | Ocean General Circulation Model |
| OGO | Orbiting Geophysical Observatory |
| OGP | Office Of Global Programs |
| OI | Optimal Interpolation |
| OIES | Office For Interdisciplinary Earth Studies |
| OIR | Office Of Industry Relations |
| OIRTD | Office Of Industrial Relations And Technology Development |
| OLE | Object Linking And Embedding |
| OLR | Outgoing Longwave Radiation |
| OM | Office Of Meteorology |
| OMB | Office Of Management And Budget |
| OMDR | Optical Memory Disk Recorder |
| OMEGA | Operational And Prediction Multi-scale Environmental Model With Grid Adaptivity |
| OMNET | N/A |
| OMO | Office Of Meteorological Observations |
| OMO | Orbiting Meteorological Observatory |
| OMR | Optical Mark Reader |
| OMTF | Optical Modulation Transfer Function |
| ONERA | Office National D'Etudes Et De Recherches Aerospatiales |
| ONERA | Office National D'Etudes Et De Recherches Aerospatiales |
| ONR | Office Of Naval Research |
| ONR/BO | Office Of Naval Research/Branch Office |
| OO | Object Oriented |
| OPAL | Opacity Project At Livermore |
| OPC | Optical Propagation Conference |
| OPENDAP | Open-source Project For A Network Data Access Protocol |
| OPLE | OMEGA Position And Location Experiment |