| Acronym | Meaning |
| PUP | Principle User Position Workstation |
| PV | Potential Vorticity |
| PVC | Polyvinyl Chloride |
| PVC | Permanent Virtual Circuit |
| PWV | Precipitable Water Vapor |
| PXBT | Expendable Bathythermograph (water Dropped Temperature Device) |
| PYI | Presidential Young Investigators |
| QBO | Quasi-Biennial Oscillation |
| QC | Quality Control |
| QCMS | Quality Control Monitoring System |
| QG | Quasi-Geostrophic Analysis |
| QJRMS | Quarterly Journal Of The Royal Meteorological Society |
| QNH | Quasi-nonhydrostatic Model |
| QPF | Quantitative Precipitation Forecasting |
| QPF | Quantitative Prediction Of Precipitation |
| QSO | Quasi-stellar Object |
| R | Rayleigh |
| R | Roentger |
| R&D | Research And Development |
| R&D | Research & Development |
| R-Z RELATIONSHIP | R = Precipitation Rate |
| R-Z RELATIONSHIP | R = Precipitation Rate |
| R/T | Receiver/Transmitter |
| R/T | Reciever/Transmitter |
| RA | Radio Antenna |
| RA | Radio Active |
| RA# | Raleigh Number |
| RAAF | Royal Australian Air Force |
| RACOON | Radiation Controlled Balloon |
| RADARSAT | Radar Satellite |
| RADEX | Radar Experiment |
| RADM | Regional Acid Deposition Model |
| RAF | Research Aviation Facility |
| RAFS | Regional Analysis And Forecast System |
| RAG | Resource Accounting Group |
| RAID | Redundant Arrays Of Inexpensive Disks |
| RALI | Resource And Land Information |
| RAM | Random Access Memory |
| RAM | Responsibility Assignment Matrix |
| RAM | Research Application Module |
| RAM | Rad Academica De Mexico |
| RAMOS | Remote Automatic Meteorological Observing Station |
| RAMS | Random Access Measurement System |
| RAMS | Remote Aerosol-Mapping System |
| RAMS | Regional Atmospheric Modeling System |
| RAND OR RAND | Research And Development |
| RANN | Research Applied To National Needs |
| RAOB | Radiosonde Observation |
| RAOBS | Radiosonde Observations |
| RAP | Research Applications Program |