| Acronym | Meaning |
| RAP | Remedial Action Plan |
| RAPB | Regional Analysis And Prediction Branch |
| RAPS | Real-Time Analysis And Prediction Of Storms |
| RAPS-92 | Real-Time Analysis And Prediction Of Storms-1992 |
| RAPTSTM WX | Research Applications Program Thunderstorm Weather |
| RAS | Retrospective Analysis System |
| RAS | Royal Astronomical Society |
| RASS | Radio Acoustic Sounding System |
| RASTER | (Remote) ASTER |
| RATS | Real-time Aircraft Tracking System |
| RAWINS | Radio Wind Measurements |
| RAWPG | Regional Aviation Weather Products Generator |
| RAWS | Remote Automatic Weather Station |
| RBV | Return Beam Vidicon |
| RCA | Request For Contract Action |
| RCAG | Remote-controlled Air-to-ground |
| RCHO | Aldehydes |
| RCM | WSR-88D Radar Coded Message |
| RCPG | Research Coordination And Planning Group |
| RDA | Radar Data Acquisition |
| RDA | Remote Database Access |
| RDAM | Radar Data Access And Management Format |
| RDAS | Reflectivity Data Acquisition System |
| RDC | Regional Data Center |
| RDCC | Real-time Display And Coordination Center |
| RDF | Real-data Forecast |
| RDF | Radio Direction Finding |
| RDP | Research Data Program |
| RDR | Radar |
| RDSG | Research Data Support Group |
| RDSS | Research Data Support System |
| RDT&E | Research, Development, Test And Evaluation |
| RECOURSE | Revision Control Unifying Related Environments |
| REGCM | Regional Climate Model |
| REGCM2 | Regional Climate Model |
| REREX | Remote Read-out Experiment |
| REU | Research Experiences For Undergraduates |
| RF | Radio Frequency |
| RFC | River Forecast Center |
| RFC | Request For Comment |
| RFF | Research Flight Facility |
| RFF | Resources For The Future |
| RFI | Radio Frequency Interference |
| RFP | Request For Proposal |
| RFQ | Request For Quote |
| RFT | Reverse-flow Thermometer |
| RGB | Red |
| RGP | Reactive Gases And Particles Project |
| RGSP | Review Of Geophysics And Space Physics |
| RH | Relative Humidity |