| Acronym | Meaning |
| SEM | System Element Management |
| SEQUAL | Seasonal Equatorial Atlantic Study |
| SERI | Solar Energy Research Institute |
| SERON | Southeastern Regional Oxidant Network Program |
| SERON | Southeastern Regional Oxidant Network Program |
| SERP | Strategic Environmental Research Program |
| SERP | Strategic Environmental Research Program |
| SERS | STORM Education And Research System |
| SESAME | Second European Stratospheric Arctic And Mid-Latitude Experiment |
| SESAME | Severe Environmental Storms And Mesoscale Experiment |
| SESQUINET | N/A |
| SESS | Space Environment Support System |
| SETA | Satellite Electrostatic Triaxial Accelerometer |
| SFC OR SFC | Surface |
| SG | Semigeostrophic |
| SG&A | Sales |
| SGGE | Second GARP Global Experiment |
| SGI | Silicon Graphics Inc. |
| SGML | Standard Generalized Markup Language |
| SGS | Subgrid Scale |
| SH | Southern Hemisphere |
| SHEBA | Surface Heat Budget Of The Arctic Ocean |
| SHEF | Standard Hydrometeorological Exchange Format |
| SHF | Super High Frequency |
| SHF | Super High Frequency |
| SHIRE | Southern Hemisphere Infrared Experiment |
| SI | Solar Interiors Section |
| SI | Systeme International |
| SIAM | Society For Industrial And Applied Mathematics |
| SIBIZMIR | Siberian Institute Of Terrestrial Magnetism |
| SICIMS | Selected Iron Chemical Ionization Mass Spectrometry (or Spectrometer |
| SID | Sudden Ionospheric Disturbance |
| SIE | Scale Interation Equipment |
| SIFE | Second ISLSCP Field Experiment |
| SIGGRAPH | Special Interest Group On Graphics Of The Association Of Computing Machinery |
| SIGMA | Software For Interactive Graphics And Model Analysis |
| SIGMET | Significant Meteorological Information |
| SIM | Solar Interplanetary Model |
| SIO | Scripps Institution Of Oceanography |
| SIPI | Scientists' Institute For Public Information |
| SIPRI | Stockholm International Peace Research Institute |
| SIR | Shuttle Imaging Radar |
| SIR | Spaceborne Imaging Radar |
| SIRIS | Stratospheric Infrared Interferometer Spectrometer |
| SIRS | Satellite Infrared Spectrometer |
| SIRS | Social Issues Resources Services |
| SISEX | Shuttle Imaging Spectrometer Experiment |
| SISP | Surface Imaging & Sounding Package |
| SJVAQS | San Joaquin Valley Air Quality Study |
| SKE | Specific Kinetic Energy |