| Acronym | Meaning |
| SOLSTICE | Solar/Stellar Intercomparison Experiment |
| SOLVE | SAGE Ozone Loss Validation Experiment |
| SONIC | SPAN Ocean Network Information Center |
| SOO | Science And Operations Officer |
| SOO/SAC | Science And Operations Officer/Scientific Applications Computer |
| SOPAC | Scripps Orbit And Permanent Array Center |
| SOR | Successive Over Relaxation |
| SOS | Southern Oxidant Study |
| SOS | Swiss Oxidant Study |
| SPACE | Satellite Precipitaion And Cloud Experiment |
| SPAN | Space Physics Analysis Network |
| SPANDAR | Space Range Radar |
| SPAR | Spaceborne Rawinsonde |
| SPARC | Stratospheric Processes And Their Role In Climate |
| SPAWAR | Space And Naval Warfare Systems Command |
| SPC | Small Particle Count (or Counter) |
| SPC | Sector Processing Center |
| SPC | Storm Prediction Center |
| SPEC | Scientific Programs Evaluation Committee |
| SPEC | Strategic Planning And Evaluation Committee |
| SPECMAP | Spectral Mapping |
| SPIE | Society Of Photo-optical Engineers |
| SPIE | International Society For Optical Engineering |
| SPIRES | Stanford Physics Information Retrieval System |
| SPL | SLATEC Plotting Library |
| SPO | Sacramento Peak Observatory |
| SPOT | Systeme Pour L'Observation De La Terre (France) |
| SPPS | System Plot Package Simulator |
| SPRINT | Sorted Position Radar Interpolator |
| SPTVAR | Special Purpose Test Vehicle For Atmospheric Research |
| SQ | Solar Quiet |
| SR | Scanning Radiometer |
| SR | Steradian |
| SRC | Science Research Council |
| SRES | Special Report On Emissions Scenarios |
| SRON | Space Research Organization Of The Netherlands |
| SRRS | Service Record Retention System |
| SSAI | Science Systems Applications Incorporated |
| SSB | Single Sideband |
| SSB | Soaring Society Of Boulder |
| SSBLIM | Snow Shading Boundary Layer Interaction Measurement |
| SSC | Scientific Steering Committee |
| SSC | Superconducting Super Collider |
| SSC'S | Sudden Storm Commencements |
| SSCE | Surface Ship Cloud Effects Project |
| SSD | Solid-state Disk |
| SSD | Cray's Solid-state Storage Device On The CRAY X-MP/48 Computer |
| SSEC | Space Science And Engineering Center |
| SSI | Strategic Simulation Initiative |
| SSL | Space Sciences Laboratory |