| Acronym | Meaning |
| OAS | Orbiter Aeroflight Simulator |
| OAS | Orbiter Atmospheric Simulator |
| OAS | Orbiter Avionics System |
| OASCB | Orbiter Avionics Software Control Board |
| OASIS | Oceanic And Atmospheric Scientific Information System |
| OASPL | Overall Sound Pressure Level |
| OAST | Office Of Aeronautics And Space Technology |
| OAT | Operational Acceptance Test |
| OAT | Overall Test |
| OB | Onboard |
| OB | Operational Base |
| OB | Outboard |
| OBC | Onboard Computer |
| OBCO | Onboard Checkout (Instrumentation) |
| OBCS | Onboard Checkout Subsystem |
| OBS | Observe |
| OBS | Operational Bioinstrumentation System |
| OBS | Operational Bioinstrumentation System |
| OBS | Operational Biomed Sensors |
| OBS | Operational Biomedical System |
| OBV | Oxidizer Bleed Valve |
| OC | On Center |
| OC | On-Condition |
| OC | Open Circuit |
| OC | Orbital Check |
| OC | Overcurrent |
| OC | Quality Control |
| OCALC | Oklahoma City Air Logistics Center |
| OCC | Office Of Contract Compliance |
| OCC | Operations Control Center |
| OCD | Operational Capability Development |
| OCDR | Orbiter Critical Design Review |
| OCDU | Optics Coupling Data Unit (G&N) |
| OCE | Ocean Color Experiment |
| OCF | Onboard Computational Facility |
| OCF | Orbiter Computational Facilities |
| OCH | Orbiter Common Hardware |
| OCM | Organic Content Monitor |
| OCN | Order Control Number |
| OCO | OMS Cutoff |
| OCO | Open-Close-Open |
| OCP | Output Control Pulse |
| OCR | Optical Character Recognition |
| OCRM | Orbiter Crash And Rescue Manuals |
| OCS | Onboard Checkout System |
| OCT | Octal |
| OD | Operational Downlink/Downlist |
| OD | Operations Directive |
| OD | Outside Diameter |
| OD | Oxygen Drain |