| Acronym | Meaning |
| OGS | Quantity Gaging System |
| OGV | Oxygen Gage Valve |
| OH | Overhaul |
| OH | Overhead |
| OHA | Operational Hazard Analysis |
| OHA | Orbital Height Adjustment Maneuver |
| OHC | Onboard Hard Copier |
| OHC | Optics Hand Controller |
| OHF | Occupational Health Facility |
| OHGVT | Orbiter Horizontal Ground Vibration Test |
| OHMM | Ohmmeter |
| OI | Operational Instrumentation |
| OIA | Office Of International Affairs |
| OIA | Orbiter Interface Adapter |
| OIB | Orbiter Interface Box |
| OIC | Orbiter (Orbital) Integrated Checkout |
| OIL | Operations Integration Instruction |
| OIR | Operations IntegrationReview |
| OIS | Operational Intercommunication System |
| OIS | Orbiter Instrumentation Systems |
| OISR | Open Item Status Report |
| OISSP | Office Of Interim Space Station Program |
| OIT | Orbiter Integrated Test |
| OIV | Oxidizer Isolation Valve |
| OIVS | Orbiter Interface Verification Set |
| OJT | On-the-Job Training |
| OL | Open Loop |
| OL | Operational Left DSC Or MDM |
| OLDB | On-Line Data Bank |
| OLDR | Quick Look Data Reference |
| OLF | Orbiter Landing Facility (now SLF) |
| OLIF | Orbiter Landing Instrumentation Facilities |
| OLOW | Orbiter Lift-off Weight |
| OLSA | Orbiter/LPS Signal Adapter |
| OLSP | Orbiter Logistics Support Plan |
| OM | Operational Mid DSC Or MDM |
| OM | Optical Master |
| OM | Orbital Maneuvering Engine |
| OM | Orbiter Main Engine |
| OM | Outer Marker (ILS) |
| OM | RS Operations And Maintenance Requirements Specification |
| OMA | Operations Maintenance Area |
| OMA | Orbiter Maintenance Area |
| OMB | Office Of Management And Budget |
| OMBUU | Orbiter Midbody Umbilical Unit |
| OMC | Orbiter Maintenance And Checkout |
| OMCF | Operations And Maintenance Control File |
| OMCF | Orbiter Maintenance And Checkout Facility |
| OMD | Operations And Maintenance Documentation |
| OMD | Orbiter Mating Device |